The Pagan religion of today has roots in antiquity, with connections to nature, pantheism, Druidry, shamanism and witchcraft. In recent years there has been a resurgent interest in Pagan Religion, or religious practices that operate outside the monotheistic doctrines of Judaism, Christianity or Islam.

Paganism has broadly connoted the "religion of the peasantry". During and after the Middle Ages, the term paganism was applied to any non-Christian religion, and the term presumed a belief in false gods. The origin of the application of the term "pagan" to polytheism is debated.