Argentina has 35 indigenous people groups (often referred to as Argentine Amerindians or Native Argentines) officially recognized by the national government.

Then on October 8, 1860, President Santiago Derqui decreed the official name to be Repblica Argentina. In common speech, the country is referred to as "la Argentina" (the Argentine) in Spanish, bypassing the noun in any of the above expressions ("the Argentine [land]", "the Argentine [Republic]", etc.).